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00:26.8
Its another day to learn welcome back to my youtube channel or facebook if you are watching now, I am Architect Ed
00:40.5
Recently we talked about typhoon proof roof, now let us discuss how to typhoon proof or have a typhoon resilient city.
00:54.5
Of course there is no such thing as zero harm when it comes to typhoon
01:09.4
But there are ongoing efforts all over the world to increase the survival rate of cities during typhoons
01:23.4
there are studies and existing projects about this. Can this be done here? Of course! Actually it is a must
01:33.9
for the Philippines to consider this because we are always visited by storms and typhoons so it is high time
01:41.8
to think about ways on how to typhoon proof our cities
01:52.3
By the way, we architects were taught about this subject. In fact when we were in college
02:04.9
we have in our curriculum a subject called 'urban planning'. It includes designing cities
02:10.5
We don't just design stable houses, we also design stable cities. Some of us
02:25.3
take extra units in mastering urban planning. Others take doctorate degree and do thesis on urban planning
02:39.4
and conduct further studies on how to typhoon proof a city. So now let us discuss what are the ways
02:55.6
to make our cities typhoon proof. There are many approach but number one
03:06.1
infrastructure approach. We will dwell on this approach since we are more knowledgeable about structures.
03:21.7
Also there are policies or laws by our lawmakers that will be executed by politicians. That's another approach.
03:39.5
These are some of the keys in making our cities safe during calamities like typhoon in particular. What else?
03:52.1
There is also science and technology. Maybe let us focus on these two: Infra and Tech and leave policies to our politicians.
04:10.8
First when there is typhoon, just like what we discussed in our previous topic, our main enemies are water and wind.
04:26.1
So what do other countries do to mitigate flooding and strong winds?
04:46.4
Let us first discuss a major factor that is affected by strong winds and flood during typhoons our habitation.
05:15.4
So when we are talking about city planning, we have to formulate adaptive solutions in designing
05:29.6
our homes and mass housing. If today we are building houses on ground, it is about time to consider raising them above ground
05:45.3
by using stilts, so even when flood comes, the residents will be save and there will be no need to evacuate them.
05:56.4
Or if we will design villages, it is best to consider waterways.
06:09.1
It is best to preserve or to recover lost waterways. Why? Because if we build on top of natural waterways, and flood comes, everything above it will be washed out.
06:25.4
Because of excessive reclamation to build new developments like commercial and residential towers, we lose natural waterways. These are creeks, rivers, and bay areas.
06:53.9
Without these waterways, flood problems will not be solved. So what approach do countries develop? In China,
07:05.5
a country often frequented by typhoons and flooding, they tried to develop a method to mitigate flood. They called it
07:23.3
"Sponge Approach"
07:32.4
Just like a foam sponge that can hold water and when needed to release it, you just have to squeeze it
07:44.2
China built Sponge Cities! It's in the internet go check it out.
07:58.1
So what's the concept? Just like a sponge, flood water will be sipped and brought to these areas, preserve it in large tanks and eventually reuse it.
08:23.7
What they did is, let's say this is a city with houses, buildings and roads, etc. what they did is they removed everything
08:39.7
and they made it open
08:47.5
Instead of putting houses, they planted mangroves. They removed the roads
09:04.1
they made artificial swamps
09:09.2
and they planted trees
09:15.3
then they made a system to arrest and collect water to an enormous tank
09:28.2
then from the tank they process the water for re-use.
09:37.7
they call it Sponge City. It is a vast land where they created a system
09:51.0
for cities flood water to go their when flood water level rises.
10:04.0
It also became a habitat for migratory birds and animals so there is biodiversity in this place.
10:15.8
It became sustainable and when there's no rain, it is a park. A place for people to recreate.
10:31.2
So is this doable? Yes! But it is not easy. There has to be expropriation.
10:48.5
What is expropriation? It is the right of a state to take properties from its owner for public use or benefit
11:16.9
for a government project. It takes strong political will to do that because you have to relocate voters. So it's not that easy.
11:28.6
So this is one solution although not 100% success story. But it made significant improvements to those cities where these projects were located.
11:47.1
Another thing affected during typhoons is number 2: Food.
12:04.7
Food or agriculture. Here we used to eat food crops like rice, corn etc that are planted on soil.
12:23.5
Most of the time, typhoon destroys the crops which were about to be harvested like what typhoon Pepito did recently.
12:41.5
So what do other countries do to protect their crops from devastation? First we need mind setting.
12:56.7
Like instead of eating rice, maybe we can switch to other crops or plant based foods like salad, like lettuce
13:13.0
ube or sweet potatoes. Then we can develop high tech farms we call: Vertical Farms.
13:37.2
This farms are controlled envirenment were plants get what nutrients, o2, Co2, water, photosynthesis that they need.
14:05.7
Are there any vertical farm already built? Yes there is one in Japan. They built a vertical farm
14:22.4
It is a mixed use multistory development with offices,
14:37.7
commercial, residential apartments. Then there are planters where they plant
14:51.3
Carrots, lettuce and other fruit bearing plants or trees
15:00.7
Since it is a controlled environment, the crops will not be affected by calamities.
15:15.6
This was already built in Japan and I know there is also a similar project in Australia.
15:27.6
So this is a very good model for our scientists, engineers and intellectuals to think about so our cities can be food sustainable even when calamities strike or minimize the effect of calamities to our food supplies.
15:50.9
Next after habitat and food is utilities.
16:05.4
Utilities are power and water supply
16:15.4
Usually when calamities strike, our power and water supply is affected because of the way we design it. OVERHEAD.
16:27.5
We do it like this, these are posts, wires, transformers. That's the design. Just like in other countries. So when strong typhoon winds come, this will fall down.
16:51.8
So what' the best solution for this? Do it underground. It is easier to protect if it is underground.
17:01.1
So if this is the ground, we have a trench where we put the pipes to protect the wire. We also have drain pipes, watertight it, here's a manhole and the road...
17:34.0
This way we can easily protect and access our utilities.
17:49.1
So to sum up, the approach we need is ADAPTIVE.
17:58.1
it's given that we are always affected by typhoon and other calamities like earthquake.
18:14.7
Our government's approach is ok, like when there is a need for evacuation, we use schools.
18:32.0
So when we build schools we have to equip it with sufficient comfort rooms because it now serves as a multi-purpose building.
18:54.3
It is not only a school, a gym or a basketball court. It serves also as a temporary shelter for evacuees so there has to be a mess hall where they can eat and a big kitchen area. Materials has to be durable also.
